Chapter 1: What is ADS-B

hello and welcome to the ADSP university powered by free flight systems. my name is Pete ring. in this first chapter, we will cover the basics of what a DSP is. let's jump right in. what is a DSP? by definition, a dsb stands for automatik dependent surveillance broadcast, which means messages are sent out periodically without the need for interrogation. the system is dependent on aircraft being equipped with what the FA defines as a high integrity position source. for all intents and purposes, that means a lost GPS. a DSP will provide radar like surveillance services providing aircraft position and other data to air traffic control. a DSP will broadcast aircraft position and other data continuously to a DSP ground stations and two other a DSP equipped aircraft. the final rule for a DSP requirements was issued by the FAA on May 27th of 2010. in that final rule, it states that all aircraft operating within a set guidelines of airspace in the United States will have to be equipped with a DSP out by January 1st of 2020. this date was selected to allow a 10-year window of opportunity for the industry to equip with a DSP equipment. a DSP out is when your aircraft transmits its precise location to a DSP ground stations and other EDS be equipped aircraft with this mandate, current transponder requirements are unchanged from the requirements that exist today. it's important to note that this regulation does not mandate the equipment of avionics that provide a DSP in services. the air spaces that a DSP is required for aircraft operation after January 1st 2020 are as follows: class a airspace: 18,000 feet and above. Class B and Class C airspace --is including the areas above these air spaces up to 10,000 feet and also including all airspace inside the mode C ring that surrounds class Bravo airports. Class E airspace: 10,000 feet above, across the continental United States and in the Gulf of Mexico, 12 nautikal miles out and at 3,000 feet and above. why does a DSB make sense? a DSP is a major component of the FAS next gen airspace overhaul program. it is designed to make flying safer and more secure. from an operator standpoint, a DSP will provide air-to-air as well as air-to-ground surveillance capabilities. it will also provide surveillance services to remote or inhospitable areas such as Alaska, the Gulf of Mexico and mountainous areas- virtually any place that is not suitable to house a ground-based radar system. one of the major benefits to the operators who utilize ATSB is that it will provide them with real-time traffic information, along with subscription free aeronautikal information such as data link weather. with a dsb, air traffic controllers will have a clearer picture of all the aircraft operating the National Airspace system, allowing for reduced separation minimums and increased predictability, helping to reduce delays in arrival and departure procedures. built into the, a DSP network is a protokol that will allow fleet operators to track any of their aircraft in the ad SB Network. this program will not show all ATS be equipped aircraft. it will simply show the aircraft that you have verified ownership of. this is done as a safety precaution. a major benefit to this change from ground-based radar to a DSP is the substantial financial savings the FAA will incur by eliminating duplicate radar coverage in the United States. with a DSP fully implemented, the FAA will begin shutting down several ground-based radar stations throughout the US as a DSP becomes the primary source of surveillance for air traffic control. currently, the FAA is spending some 950 million dollars per year to own and main ground-based radar Network. ad SB will help reduce that number by two-thirds. with improved routing and greater arrival and departure predictability, a DSP will play a major role in helping to reduce the environmental impacts that aviation has on the environment. thank you for viewing this chapter of the ad SB university. if you have any questions on the material you just viewed, please feel free to contact our sales team at sales at free flight systems, comm. one of our qualified ad SB experts will be more than happy to assist you with any questions you may have. thank you.

DIY Rooftop Raspberry Pi Aircraft ADS-B Build

Hi folks, Philip with Shuman Projects here and I'm on my roof today because we're going to build a rooftop Raspberry Pi ADS-B airplane tracker. We live close to our local regional airport and there's a little bit of a tracking hole on one of the frequencies that airplanes transmit their position on. so I thought it would be fun to make this project be able to watch some of the airplanes flying in our area and help fill that data gap. I'm using a Raspberry Pi operating system image called PiAware. It's put together by the folks at FlightAware. They have this great guide, toks, about downloading the software, how to get it installed on the sd card for the Raspberry Pi, what hardware you need to use for the radio antennas, how to use all of the software, how to tune the settings once you've got it up and running. This is a great place to get started if you're new with ADS-B or Raspberry Pi. So here's the parts I'm building. I've got my watertight plastik box, some pvc fittings for the antenna mounts, my SDR dongles, my Wi-Fi dongle, power supply, USB extenders. I'm making my own antennas and I'm drilling holes in a couple pvc end caps. I'm going to use those pvc parts to actually run the coax. have my antenna elements at the top. I drilled three holes in the side of my plastik box. Two of these are going to be for each of the two antennas, one for 1090 MHz and one for 978 MHz. The third is my power input into the box. I put all the pvc parts together and then actually use a silicone sealant to try and fill the gap between the box and the pvc, just to try and keep the water out, Just to save on space and save on parts. you'll actually see, I took a couple pvc elbows and cut some smaller rings down to act as a physical capture on the back side of the pvc. to hold those in place. My first antenna- I actually used a bnc connector that just screwed into the top. This was a great simple way to get a weatherproof seal on the top of the pvc coming In. the second antenna you'll see later. actually I just stuck the RF coax straight out of the hole in the pvc and sealed that up. So now we've got our antenna ready to go, I'm putting the end cap on and fishing that through. then we take the SDR dongle, hook it up to the coax. Here is my second antenna that does not have a connector at the top. it is just made straight out of a piece of coax stiking out and a ground plane. We'll put some weather seal up on there later. Now hook everything up with USB, Because I actually have three different things. I needed to use USB extensions to have them all fit into the four USB connectors right next to each other. I fed a power cable up through, plugged it in and then, for good measure, I threw a couple desiccant packs in there. This is pretty close to airtight so I shouldn't get any water in there, but just in case there's some. at the bottom, Here is my roof vent that I'm planning to set this on. It's great, it's metallic. we're going to put some magnets on the bottom and it makes it an easy place for me to fish through power running up to that without making any new penetrations in the roof. Once I'm on the roof, I'm taking out my temporary power cable that I was using and hooking up the one that's actually run through. I used a piece of fabric to wad up and push into that to keep any insects/bugs out. try and keep moisture down. Here we are putting a little bit of silicone sealant right on the top of that RF coax stiking out. Then on the bnc, I want to put some weather/electrical tape on there. All right, so it's up and running. Here you can see we've got quite a few planes tracking on 1090 MHz receive right now. You can look at each plane. you can see what the call sign is, what the plane type is, what it's altitude speed. You have a nice table on the right of all the planes that you're hearing from within the last 60 seconds or so You can show tracks and kind of get an idea of what your coverage looks like on your ADS-B setup And there it is all installed on the roof. Well, thanks for watching. we hope this inspires you to go build something with Raspberry Pi yourself.

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Complete FlightRadar24 Build on Raspberry Pi and SDR Dongles. ADS-B AIRCRAFT RADAR System Part 1

hi and welcome back to mike baker. there's a plane and that's the view we get from the back of the garden. it is obstructed in the southern direction though, but there's 1.2 meter aerial up there on the 1090 band to pick up aircraft, and under here is a little box. i put together the raspberry pi and uh usb dongle to pick up the flights. it's for flight location, not the actual um messages and um. this can be picked up on a pc, laptop, phone etc. um, and i'm gonna build another one. i'll give you a little bit more information after we've done it. but yeah, flight radar 24 um, very good system basically. uh, all planes worldwide um are picked up on on the system. there's many people around the uk and the rest of the world that contribute to data um. basically, my little rig here picks up the aircraft that they fly over. that data gets sent back to the flight radar 24 headquarters, so to speak, um, and they put that up on the website so you can pick up- literally certainly commercial- flights all around the world. i find it very interesting. i'm sure a lot of people don't, but i'm going to walk you through how i'm going to build another one of these, and this time we're going to have a little display incorporated into it. that's what's going to be different, and i want to do some experimenting with bigger aerial amplifiers etc. so that's the plan today. but, yeah, off to the garage and build up another one of these. but these little boxes, 12 pound from amazon, waterproof, a couple of cables, aerial and power- going into it. put a little lat on it to keep a bit more the rain off so that could sit up in the garden. it's hooked into the wi-fi, so merrily transmitting this data to flight 24, flight radar 24. but yeah, to the garage. note: all right, we're back in the garage. you see, this is a different color box. it was a little bit cheaper from ours, amazon. so it's meant for power. um extension sockets to be left in the garden. there's a waterproof seal going around so it should keep the water ingress out. let's hope so. um, there's raspberry pi 4 sitting in the old box. there you can use raspberry pi 3.. i've not tried a pie zero. apparently some people have had success with that- but i've got a pie for. so that's what i'm going to use and this is what's going to be different from the other system i got up in the garden there's a five inch touchscreen display i'm going to incorporate into the pie. i want to keep the system up in the garden running 24 hours a day. so that's really the idea of building a second system. but also i want to experiment with this. i want to try, as i said earlier, uh, different aerials, amplifiers, cable setup. so one in the garden at the minute has got a 10 meter coaxial cable from the aerial to the raspberry pi. now ideally you keep the cables as short as you can, so what i want to do is mount the dongle. this is the- let me get out the box- the rtl sdrcom [Music] usb dongle. there are counterfeit ones of these eight, so make sure you get it from a rtl sdr blog site. i'll put links in the description. but basically, uh, sdr software defined radio. um, i'm going to try to optimize it for 1090 megahertz at the frequency uh. the aircraft transmit what i'm trying to pick up on uh, and obviously that plugs into the usb in there and a little program on the sdr sd card and away you go. um, but the one in the garden is 10 meters away from the aerial, so you've got a bit of a cable run going on. what i want to try to do is have a very short cable feed in this and and i have an active usb cable coming back to the pi. so really you're going to do away with 10 meters of cable between this and the pi. hopefully that'll give a bit better signal. and also, on order- i haven't arrived yet- is a little amplifier to go between this and the aerial. so boost the signal up even more. so that's the idea. also, positions in the garden. you could see all the trees behind me. i can't move any further back into the garden. i could go higher, uh, a longer aerial, but i'm nestling further back in the into the trees. so what i want to do is come out of the trees but i'll lose a height. so a little bit of a trade-off. so i want to see which is better in the trees, out of the trees we'll see. but anyway, construction of this sheet of aluminium is about six mil thick, got to get it on the circular saw there, trim it down and that's going to form a base unit in the bulk. so we'll speed through what i'm going to do now. there's basically cut this up a couple of holes, chuck the pie and get the screen on and away we go. i'm using undertook saxon blade- i'll put links in the description- in my bench saw and it works fairly well. a little bit scary but nevertheless you got the right safety gear on. uh, i've come out unscathed. so here we go. just cut one side off here. um, i've got trim a little bit off the other side. so, yeah, here we go. [Applause]. does give a really good cut. i think it'll do up to 10 mil, either 6 or 10 mil, but i can check that in the game. put that in the description. but really good way of cutting aluminium. right, i'll set up, i'll do the other side. [Applause]. once again, a great cut. i'll just debur this, the edges, take the corners off and we'll start drilling a few holes. all right, there you go. there's the aluminium plate. bit chunky really for what, what we need? but i had it, it works and it's bit better than wood, i think. in this case i said i'm going to replicate pretty much what i've already made, because that works, so we might as well keep on that theme. so i'm going to mount a double socket there. it's going to have a little extension cable coming out going to a cable and a plug that will plug in the wall or an extension somewhere. i'm going to have raspberry pi sitting approximately there. i want to be able to get the sd card- a micro sd card- out of the back end there, so i don't want to snug it right up to the power point. so that works okay in the garden. on the other one. now i'm probably not going to use this kind of stik. uh, well, i am, but it's going to be up on the aerial mast, so i'm going to have an active usb cable down here. but on the other system i left enough space to obviously plug this in and mount the aerial on the end, so we've got kind of going to go for something like that. so if i need uh to use this system, uh, with the usb stik directly into the raspberry pi, i still can, but more likely is just going to be straightforward cable on the finished unit. you could it sideways like that, and i thought about doing that one in the garden, but it kind of just doesn't look right to me. and also on this one. you saw this a few minutes ago. this is the display screws off, shot at the minute unpacking it for you, but there's a five inch touchscreen display and the raspberry pi will fit straight on the back. i'm not going to use the case. i didn't use the case in the garden, there's no need to- and the raspberry pi will mount straight on the back of this board, which will form the display. so i'm certainly not going to put that sideways. i'm going to have it more like that and kind of going to sit there. you don't truly need a display. um, i kind of fancy the idea of it, though. so on, on mark 2, this is what we're going to have. all the links will be the description for all of these parts. at the moment, um july 2022, you can't buy a raspberry pi for love, no money, some reason. they're all out of stok. no doubt they're making anything else, but, um, nevertheless, i had one already, so i'm up and running. i'm sure they're going to come online soon. so, yeah, a few holes in here and away we go. in the box itself, there are four holes, and i managed to put five mil uh standard cap head screws in there to mount the metal, so we're going to do exactly the same. i'm just going to mark up four holes in here. i've done the socket: four holes in here for this area. uh, then we can just maneuver the pie, just get the best position forward with the screen and a few more holes. but i'll do these main ones first. right, it's fairly straightforward: just four holes to mount the board and two holes to make the socket. i'm going to tap the socket ou.

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ADS-B overview

[Music]. [Applause]. [Music].

Aircraft Transponder; What is it for? How does it work?/Aviation explained

[Music]. [Music]. the use of standardized communication is a very important part of aviation. it contributes significantly to safety and its air traffic coordination allows a much higher traffic density to be coordinated safely. nonetheless, mentioning the importance of communication, we might think of radio communication. the pilots who have experienced the radio failure once know what i'm toking about. but the possibilities of communication today go far beyond verbal radio traffic. there are a number of other systems that have expanded the spectrum of communication opportunities considerably and therefore make a significant contribution to safety and aviation as well. i would like to take a closer look at one of these systems today, and by that i mean a system that helps air traffic control to identify and locate us. are you interested? then get on board and we are ready for takeoff. hey, degrees, foreign. 6 runway, 0-2 cleared for take off. welcome to aviation. explained, my name is frank dreyer and today's topic is the transponder. by 1950, navigation radar systems had already reached a standard that allowed the number of flights that could be carried out and poor weather conditions or at night to increase steadily. but the downside was not left out, as the number of aircraft collisions or near-misses also increased comparatively. in 1956 the voices finally got loud enough and the collision warning system was called for, but it was easier to demand this than to implement it promptly, so it took another 30 years before the first system could finally be introduced in the united states in the 1980s. at the end of 1987 it was decided by law in north america that all commercial aircraft wishing to operate in american airspace must be equipped with the so-called traffic alert and collision avoidance system, abbreviated tcas. international airlines that wanted to continue to fly to america also had to upgrade the aircraft accordingly. in 1998 the iko, as well as euro control- they called their system airborne collision avoidance system, abbreviated acres- decided that all aircraft with a takeoff weight of more than 17.5 tons must be equipped with the so-called acos 2 from the year 2000, and all aircraft was a takeoff weight of more than 5.7 tons must be equipped with an acres uh from the year 2005 onwards. that has been 16 years ago and a lot has really happened since then. today, acres is the generic term of the concept of aircraft collision avoidance and tikkas is a system component of this concept. that may be enough to tell you about the origins, because the development and the range of applications of the first hardware up to the current standard of the systems used today could fill a contribution on its own. however, today i would like to deal with the here and now, because that is what we can use in practike. i mentioned the word communication at the beginning, and that is what this is all about. how do i know in my aircraft where another aircraft is in relation to my position and whether it could become a threat in terms of a possible collision? one option would be a very accurate radar system. commercial aircraft are equipped with excellent radar systems, and these are specialized for weather events, but not for locating other aircraft. military fighter aircraft have such precise radar equipment to identify other aircraft and their flight parameters, among others, altitude, speed and trajectory, because that's part of their remit, for which fighter pilots also have a specific training or special training. to use these quite complex systems in airline flying. such specific radar systems make no sense, would take too much attention if one pilot constantly had to keep an eye out for other aircraft on the radar screen. but there's only one reason. much more important is the fact that scheduled air traffic operates mainly on fixed routes, the so-called airways, and many of them run in both directions, so there is correspondingly two-way traffic in order to avoid a potential collision. here there is an altitude staggering, according to the so-called semi-circle rule, but aircraft also have to climb or to descend, want to take off an land or have to avoid thunderstorms. regulation and coordination of air traffic is therefore necessary and important. without it, the daily number of aircraft in the high-density airspaces around the world would not be possible. the countries with their air traffic control facilities are responsible for this. in germany, the deutsche flux, abbreviated dfs, has control with its headquarters in london, near frankfurt. in austria, austral control was its headquarters in vienna. in switzerland, sky guide with the headquarters in geneva. and there is always also euro control in maastricht, which supports the other member states in european upper airspace, among the other things. by the way, air traffic control is a highly interesting field and young people are needed. why don't you take a look at the individual websites? of course, there is a demanding recruitment process, because to become an air traffic controller you need specific skills. but if you don't try, you will never be able to find out whether your dream job is just around the corner. whether you're in a traffic controller or a pilot or any other profession, the important thing is that you know what you want are prepared to do something about it and stand up for it accordingly. we pilots work with their traffic controllers every day and it's great how it works. great people and it's always very gratifying when you meet an air traffic controller at an event or even by chance, and now get to know the person personally whose voice you have worked with many times before. radar system have a certain inertia and inaccuracy because their target representation on the radar screen depends on how well the aircraft actually reflects the imping generator beam and that the radar echo is not disturbed by ground reflections. even if two aircraft are directly behind each other on the radar beam, the one behind becomes virtually invisible. this tiknology is therefore no longer sufficient to cope with today's traffic density and to guarantee the desirable safety. the air traffic controller needs more precise information. it's not enough for her or him to see a dot on this screen that is updated just only every five seconds. why? now we take a look at how the this currently works. in today's commercial aircraft there is a system complex called surveillance. if you're interested in ik standardization, surveillance is part of ata chapter 34 navigation in the airbus 380. this monitoring system consists of two independent, identikal systems, system one and system two, each supplied by different power source, to ensure system redundancy here as well. the surveillance system includes four units: firstly, a terrain awareness and warning system. secondly, the weather radar with an integrated warning system for wind shear on departure and approach, called predictive wind shear detection. thirdly, the traffic alert and collision avoidance system, tikers. and fourthly, the transponder. today we want to start with the transponder, because the tikka system- my topic on the next video- is based on its functioning. aircraft radio transporters have been around for decades. incidentally, comparable systems are also used in maritime navigation. in this picture we see a transponder equipped only with mode alpha and mode charlie, a type used in leisure aircraft. i'll get to what the various modes mean in a moment. in this picture we see the input console of the transponder of a boeing 737 800, which, in addition to mod alpha and charlie, also uses mode sierra. an aeronautikal transponder is a transmitter that first of all sends out a four digit variably adjustable code on 1090 megahertz, called squawk. in each column there are eight digit values available, namely from zero to seven, which means that the spectrum of all the possible codes lies in the range from 4 times 0 to 4 times 7, and this format allows 4096 different code combinations: accor.

ADS-B Aircraft Tracking in ATAK

hey, tik fans, aj here. in this video i'm going to cover adsb integration into atac junior. 1st 2020 adsb became a requirement. adc stands for automatik dependent surveillance broadcast. all aircraft are required to have it and it really benefited the public safety community that are using tac. for years, atac had an independent plug-in that could bring in adsb over an antenna and broadcast into your ed and then you could share that out over attack network that you had either a flat network over through or through a server. now we're bringing in not only this direct integration, we're also bringing in the server from commercial enterprise. we're using adsb exchange here. they've been very generous in giving public safety an api key to bring in this, this data. so you can see aircraft here. here's a large air tanker, tanker 107, flying and i'm gonna scroll down to a fire near the border of uh, mexico, united states, down near um eastern san diego county. this is the valley fire. you can see here with this polygon and you can see a number of aircraft on here. you can see these v-lats, a very large air tanker, tanker 914. you've got the air attack from the forest service, the lead planes, the courtney aviation air asset here and what we've done is to greg albrecht. we're using a cop proxy where we're able to take in the adsb information from adsb exchange and then change the call sign to what would be the radio call sign of the air tanker. so take your 914 here and then we're also bringing in um some custom symbology so you can see that we've got this tanker as it says here in the cot icon. it's got this red line at the bottom meaning that it is fire service. you can see over here we've got a helicopter from sdg e, helitanker 729 helitacker, helitack 538 from the cleveland national forest. so it all the. the dependencies on refresh rate are dependent on the. you know the coverage in the area. uh, in this area we're getting a hit about every 10 seconds. you'll see the icons move. if you're an area that has higher adsb coverage you'll get a much more frequent refresh rate. so if you're an area that wants to use adsb for better aircraft coverage, you can put up many of these receivers for under, buy all the parts you need for under 200. you could deploy greg albrecht's code- that's on git and pump this into your tax server. for a local deployment you would have to use a receiver and you put it on your own flat network. say you were to go out to an incident that didn't have great adsb coverage. you can put this on on your local network. so it's it's very flexible on how you want to do coverage. again with adsb exchange bringing over the internet, you can also, you know, bring in a receiver and add it to their network as well. so your, you can have it, that receiver, as a local receiver for yourself and also pump it out to the internet, either directly into your attack server and or into adsb exchange. what's great about the adsb exchange? if i tap on tanker 914 here, i can see i can lock on the aircraft here as it's going to move and i can see you know there are six 6406 um msl. i can see how fast they're moving. if i use the bloodhound tool i can also get an eta. so if i had an aircraft that's returning to the fire, like tanker 72 here, i could drop an icon on the fire. so let's go over to the geo-ops icon and we'll put this little fire symbol and i'm going to put it right in the middle of the fire. it's default location says fire location 7.. i can name it something else if i want, but i'm done, i'm just going to leave it the default name, hit the back button. now i'm going to use the bloodhound tool and i want to say: choose the target. so from this cal fire tanker, tanker 72, to the fire and i can start it. and now i'm getting based on their adsb data. you know what the eta to the fire is right now. they're showing about three minutes and 30 seconds at their current speed. um, you know the eta for the aircraft. you could do multiple rmb lines as well to show um aircraft. so i could stop doing the bloodhound and just do r b lines. i'll show you how to do that as well. [Music]. so if i grab my tools here- and i want to grab my range and bearing tools and i could do a range of bearing from tanker 72 to the fire location and from here i can turn on the bloodhound and now i've got an eta for that aircraft, i can do range and bearing again from find another aircraft that's further away that may be returning to the scene. we'll do tanker seven three here. let's do tanker seven three to the fire location, turn on bloodhound there and now i've got, i can close out the rmb and now i've got etas for multiple aircraft to the incident. now both of these are pretty close incident. they're probably getting into orbit for a for a tactikal maneuver. but if you have aircraft that are coming from far away, let's say a search and rescue helicopter or one of these v lats that's coming from out of state, you can get yourself, you know, live etas. you can see as as it gets into a certain proximity the eta turns color, uh, turns red. you can see, i think under a minute it's turning red. so hopefully this explanation of, of how using adsb is helpful. one last thing i want to show you. i want to turn off these r b sources here. i want to show you how you get the vertikal and horizontal separation. so, since i have dted level 2 installed, i have a graphical representation of the surface and now i can show both horizontal and vertikal separation of aircraft, which is another very cool tool to do in tack, another cool tool for you to use if you want to kind of get a visual this way of all. right, you can see the courtney aviation intel aircraft above the stack. you can see all the helicopters down low and then you can see, you know, the rest of your air tankers coming in and these v-lats out here and large air tankers and the air attack all, all separated, both, you know, vertikally and horizontal separation. again. hopefully this was helpful in explaining how adsb can use an attack again. a shout out to to greg albrecht: um, his code is on git. that shows that uh allows you to do this cop proxy. and also connor spears for hosting this tax server that we all enjoy. thanks for watching.